The Effects of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Leaf Extract on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, and Immunity of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

An 8-week feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) leaf extract (GLE) on growth, oxidative enzymatic activities, immunity, and expression antioxidant genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Three hundred sixty were supplied fed with different levels GLE: 0, 0.5, 1, 2 g kg−1. The dietary administration 1 kg−1 GLE significantly increased growth parameters fish. Fish diets showed total protein. Ig lysozyme activity changed whole-body serum, but not skin mucus. Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) activities compared control diet. treatments caused a significant decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) content. In mucus, only CAT SOD increased. highest Toll-like receptor-1 (TLR-1) Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNFα) achieved fish GLE. gene expressions higher GPx conclusion, results present study revealed that affects performance regulates immune expression. determination optimum dosage merits further research.